1204. General Biology. (3-2) Detailed study of a typical cell, cell phenomena, mitosis, meiosis, nucleic acids, protein synthesis, basic principles of genetics, photosynthesis, and respiration. A survey of the Plant Kingdom is covered. Much of laboratory is devoted to a detailed study of the anatomy and physiology of flowering plants, while representatives of the lower plant phyla are studied with emphasis on life histories. Lab fee $10. Course fee $5. (F,Sp,Sm)

1214. General Biology. (3-2) The major animal phyla and vertebrate systems are surveyed, with representative examples and dissection of the frog stressed in the laboratory. Lab fee $10. (Sp,Sm)

2034. Fundamentals of Microbiology. (3-4) An introduction to the study of micro-organisms, their characteristics, their aspects of physiology and genetics, and their interrelations with humans. Prerequisites: 2 semesters of biology or approval by the department head. Lab fee $10. (F,Sp,Sm)

2103. Essential Elements of Biology. (2-3) The study of morphology, anatomy, growth, life cycles, ecology, behavior, classification, and uses of organisms. Human systems and tissues and mechanisms of heredity and metabolism will be introduced. The laboratory will give experience in the use of the microscope, dissecting procedures, and problem solving. Prerequisite: 8 hours laboratory science. Lab fee $10. (F,Sp)

2174. Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy. (3-4) The morphology, physiology, and phylogeny of the organ systems of vertebrates. Laboratory study of representative vertebrates. Prerequisite: 8 hours of biology. Lab fee $10. (F,Sp)

2194. Human Anatomy and Physiology. (3-2) Basic physiological principles and their applications in the study of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems are emphasized. Lab fee $10. (F,Sm)

2204. Human Anatomy and Physiology. (3-2) A continuation of the integrated study of human anatomy and physiology. Emphasis is on the various organ systems not studied in BIOL 2194. Prerequisite: BIOL 2194 or approval by the department head. Lab fee $10. (Sp,Sm)

3024. Histology. (3-3) Introduction to cellular ultrastructure. Study of vertebrate tissues and their arrangement in various organs. Prerequisites: BIOL 1214, 2174 or approval by the department head. Lab fee $10. (F)

3034. Heredity. (3-3) The fundamental principles of inheritance and their application to plants and animals including humans. Laboratory stresses genetic variables and manipulation of genetic traits. Prerequisite: 12 hours BIOL. Lab fee $10. (Sp,F)

3044. Survey of the Vertebrates. (3-3) An introduction to the phylogeny, systematics, distribution, ecology, reproduction, and growth of organisms in the classes of vertebrates, emphasizing local and regional forms. Laboratory: identification and methods of collection and preservation of specimens. Prerequisites: BIOL 1204, 1214. Lab fee $10. (Sp)

3134. Molecular Biology. (3-4) Fundamentals of gene expression, gene regulation, DNA metabolism and nucleic acid structure, recombinant DNA techniques and protein structure. Prerequisites: BIOL 3034 and CHEM 2024.

3154. Plant Taxonomy. (3-3) Principles of plant taxonomy. Field and laboratory studies of common Texas wild flowers and trees with emphasis on identification, collection, and preparation of herbarium specimens. Prerequisites: 7 hours of BIOL, junior classification, or department head approval. Lab fee $10. (Sp)

3204. Plant Pathology. (3-3) Study of the various types of plant diseases and specific examples of each type. Emphasis upon identification, host-parasite interactions, pathogen dissemination, and control methods. Prerequisites: BIOL 1204, 2034 or approval by department head. Lab fee $10.

3364. Plant Physiology. (3-3) A study of physiology of green plants with emphasis on nitrogen metabolism, respiration, mineral nutrition, photosynthesis, and growth. Prerequisites: 1 semester of BIOL with plant emphasis and one semester of organic chemistry. Lab fee $10.

3403. Introduction to Marine Biology. (3-0) General considerations of the marine environment including habitats, biota, zoogeography, and humans' impact. Prerequisites: BIOL 1204, 1214.

3494. Invertebrate Zoology. (3-3) The study of the morphology, taxonomy, biology, and phylogeny of the invertebrate animals, exclusive of the Insecta. Prerequisites: 12 hours of BIOL or approval by the department head. Lab fee $10. (Sp,SmE)

3854. Immunology. (3-3) Emphasis on the basic concepts of humoral and cell-mediated immunity. Laboratory: current techniques in experimental immunology and serology. Prerequisites: BIOL 2034 and one year of CHEM or approval by the department head. Lab fee $10. (Sp)

3954. Pathogenic Microbiology. (3-3) A study of the disease-producing capacities of various microorganisms with emphasis on the diagnostic procedure of isolation and identification. Prerequisite: BIOL 2034 with minimum grade of "C" or approval by the department head. Lab fee $10. (F)

4014. Ecology. (3-3) Plants and animals in relation to their environment. Prerequisites: 2 semesters of BIOL or approval by the department head. Lab fee $10. (F,SmO)

4414. Limnology. (3-3) A study of aquatic communities and the physiochemical factors affecting the productivity of ponds, reservoirs, and streams. Experience in hydrographic survey morphometry. Prerequisites: 1 year of CHEM and 12 hours of BIOL, including BIOL 1204, 1214. Lab fee $10.

4423. Marine Ecology. (3-0) Study of marine ecosystems including physical, chemical, and biological factors which influence the distribution of marine organisms. Prerequisites: BIOL 1204, 1214, 4014 or approval by the department head.

4454. Parasitology. (3-3) A survey of the various invertebrate parasites of medical importance with particular reference to epidemiology and the host-parasite relationship. Prerequisites: 12 hours of BIOL or approval by the department head. Lab fee $10. (F)

4604/ Animal Physiology. (3-3) Basic principles of life processes and how they 4614. apply to the integrated functions of organ systems. Functions of the various organ systems of animals are studied. Prerequisites: 12 hours of BIOL and one semester of organic chemistry with laboratory. Lab fee $10 per course.

4703. Systematic Analysis of Biological Principles. (3-0) The comparative study of the morphology, anatomy, genetics, metabolism, reproduction, and the phylogenetic and ecological relationships of organisms. Prerequisite: 8 hours advanced BIOL or approval of department head. Lab fee $10. (F)

4743. Introductory Biological Chemistry. (3-0) An introduction to the basic principles of biological chemistry and to fundamental processes of plants, animals and microorganisms. Credit for both BIOL 4743 and CHEM 4743 will not be awarded. Prerequisite: 1 semester of organic chemistry or approval of department head.

4753. Intermediary Metabolism. (3-0) A detailed survey of intermediary metabolism. The metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids, and the regulation of metabolism are emphasized. Prerequisites: 8 hours of BIOL and BIOL/CHEM 4743, or approval of department head.

4783. Laboratory Techniques in Biochemistry. (1-5) Principles and applications of basic methodology for the isolation, purification, characterization, and quantitative determination of biologically important compounds. Credit for both BIOL 4783 and CHEM 4783 will not be awarded. Prerequisite: BIOL 4743 or CHEM 4743 or concurrent enrollment, or approval of department head. Lab fee, $10. (Sp)

4853. Seminar. (Credit variable) Survey of biological literature, biological instrumentation, history of biology, and current trends in biological sciences. Grading in this course is satisfactory/unsatisfactory. Prerequisite: 12 hours BIOL and approval of department head.