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Vocabulary

Chapter 2
Chapter 13
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
Chapter 6
Chapter 7
Chapter 8
Chapter 9
Chapter 11
Chapter 12
Chapter 15

Chapter 2

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Attributes – HTML elements that modify tags; they are coded within the open tag of a container.
Comments – Documentation of choices made while writing a program or HTML page, including explanations of why those choices were made.
Container element – Used to modify the contents placed within them. They consist of a beginning and closing tag.
Document Type Definition (DTD) – The specifications that define the structure and syntax standards used to create a HTML document.
Empty element – A tag that does not enclose any text, so it has no closing code.
Horizontal rule – Tag that places a horizontal line, or rule, on a page.
Intrinsic event – Mouse activities, like clicking, and document changes, like loading.
Line break – Tag to end a line on a page and start a new one.
Paragraph – Identifies a continuous string of text within a page; used to break up text into smaller units.
Pixel – Stands for “picture element”; one of the many tiny dots that make up the display on your screen.
Rollover – A feature on a page that changes as the mouse pointer moves over it.
Style – Describes a way to set off a group of characters from the surrounding text block.
Toggle – Switch; turns a preset feature on or off.

Chapter 13

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Array – Also known as a subscripted variable, a series of identical data elements stored contiguously in memory.
Calling page – The web page which calls a function.
Code leveraging – Reusing existing code by slightly modifying it into new code to perform a different operation.
Concatenate – sequentially join two or more strings together.
Function – Predefined formula or code segment that performs common mathematical, financial, or logical operations.
Function call – The point from which a function is called and data is returned from the function. It contains any parameters passed to the function.
Instance – In object oriented programming, an individual object.
Loop – Another name for Iteration.
Methods – In object-oriented programming, a method is a way of manipulating data.
Modal – Term usually meaning to have modes or be associated with a particular mode.
Multithreading – Allows access to different parts of the same program at the same time.
Object – Section of program code in object-oriented programming that contains both the processing code and descriptions of related data to perform a single task.
Parameter - Attributes that give the web weaver some control over applets or values passed to a function or routine.
Properties – Attributes or features of a element or object.
Scripting language – A language used to write scripts.
String – A series of characters enclosed in either double quotation marks that are displayed as ASCII text.
Workaround – Term used to describe an action or set of actions that take the place of some other, often broken, action.

Chapter 3

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Absolute path – The full path from the root directory to a document. Absolute paths always start with a leading slash(/).
Case-sensitive – An operating system or other software than can recognize the capitalization of characters is used to differentiate letters.
Intersystem link – Link to an item in a different system.
Intrapage link – Link to a item in the current document or page.
Intrapage target name – a target within the current document or web page.
Intrasystem link – link to an item within the current system.
Page footer – Appears at the end of an HTML document and provides basic information about the creator of the page plus a list of the navigation links used. Should contain the date last modified as well.
Path – Set of directory names that lead to a specific document.
Relative path – The path to a document that starts from the current directory.
Server-side include – Directives placed within the HTML document that execute other programs or output data such as environment variables or file statistics. Server sides includes are executed on the server and the result are displayed on the Web page sent back to the browser.
Source – Origin of a link.
Static – A Web page that does not contain any links to other web pages and in which information does not change unless the HTML source code is changed.
Storyboarding – Diagram illustrating how to or more web pages relate to one another.
Target – When referencing web pages, it is the end of the link. In form elements, an attribute that directs return data to a window or frame different from the current document.

Chapter 4

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Blocked element – elements that are formatted as separate blocks of text, such as headings, paragraphs, tables, or lists.
Bullet – A graphic, traditionally a dot, that prefaces a list item to highlight or itemize it.
Definition list – list formatted like a dictionary or glossary.
Directory list – identifies a multicolumn directory list of no implied order.
Inline element – Part of an HTML page that is placed within the current line of text.
Marker – bullet used in an unordered list.
Menu list – identifies a single column list of no implied order.
Nesting lists – lists within lists; lists with sublists.
Ordered lists – list with items numbered or lettered.
Readability – How easy a page is to read.
Unordered list – One type of list in which each item is preceeded by a bullet.

Chapter 5

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Browser pane – The part of the screen that is normally visible to the user.
Document-level style sheet – establishes formatting rules that affect all elements in a documents body container.
Font – the typeface, weight, style, and size of the text.
Glyph – A variety of symbols that provides an appearance of a letter, number or other symbols.
Latin-1 character set – List of common letters, numbers, symbols, and punctuation marks used in Western languages, each with a numeric value and some also with names; designed by the International Standards Organization (ISO).
Logical style – Using specific style containers that describe the way the text within a container is used rather than simply how it looks.
Monospace font – Font in which each letter takes up the same amount of space.
Physical style – Describes the way the text within a container is supposed to look when displayed by a browser.
Proportional spacing – A font in which different characters have different widths.
Style sheet – Added in the new HTML standard to give the Web weaver more control over the placement and appearance of various elements on the page and to allow the creation of aural entries. There are two types of styles sheets: external, which are files called when the browser opens the page, and internal, which usually apply only to the page in which they occur.

Chapter 6

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Animated GIF – A series of GIF images that are quickly changed in order to create simple animation.
Baseline – Imaginary line that runs across that bottom of the text letters, not including descenders.
Bit per pixel (bpp) – Determines the number of colors in an image.
Dithering – Replacing one uniform color with repeating patterns of other colors that approximate the initial color, or blending two colors to create a third color. Dithering can reduce compressibility and usability.
External image – An image that is placed on a page by itself, and a link is provided to it.
Floating image – An image that can be placed by the browser in either margin.
Flood filling – Creating a large colored area by using height and width attributes to expand a very small image across the screen.
Image Editor – Allows you to modify images, add special effects, and convert from one file format to another.
Inline image – An image that occurs within the line of text. In HTML, images are placed inline unless the author codes one of the align attribute values.
Lossless compression – Compression that keeps all the data bits in the image so that image or sound quality does not degrade.
Lossy compression – Compression in which some pixels are discarded, causing image or sound quality to degrade.
Open Standard – A standard that is still developing, anyone is free to use and make suggestions about inclusions.
Progressive image – A file saved as layers that display the image data in several passes, each pass making the image better.
Rollover – A feature on a page that changes as the mouse pointer moves over it.
Thumbnail image – Very small version of the actually image, created using special thumbnail software.
Vector graphic – Graphic that use mathematical geometric formulas to represent images instead of a grid of pixels.

Chapter 7

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Border – Margin of an element, such as a cell in a table or the table itself.
Caption – Text that further explains the content of a table.
Cell – Intersection of a row and column in a table.
Cell Padding – The amount of space between the cell rules and its contents.
Cell Spacing – Amount of space between adjacent cells, as well as between the outer edges of the cells and the edges of the table.
Column Spanning – Extending a cell across two or more columns in its row.
Frame – 1. The division of a framed page. Each frame contains a HTML document. 2. Created by capturing analog video at regular intervals and saving each capture as a distinct image. Frames can be played back to create a movie.
Row Spanning – Extending a cell across two or more rows in its columns.
Rule – Part of a style sheet.
Table – Data arranged in rows and columns.
Table body – A group of one or more rows within a table that will scroll between the header and footer when the table is too long to be fully displayed.

Chapter 8

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Baseline – Imaginary line that runs across the bottom of the text letters, not including descenders.
Cascading style sheets (CSS) – An established precedence among style sheets and HTML containers that instructs the browser how to display a Web page.
Class – A feature of style sheets that define several different styles for a tag.
CSS box model – Style sheet formatting model that assumes that each element results in one or more rectangular boxes. This model provides the framework for playing white space around elements of the web page.
Em – The measurement of the horizontal line space taken by the uppercase letter M when using proportional spacing.
Generic class – A style class not associated with a particular tag.
Inheritance – Feature of object oriented programming in which one class can receive data structures and methods or procedures from a previous class.
Leading – The difference between the font size and the computed value of the line height.
Orphan – The first line of a paragraph that appears as the last line on a page.
Tag - level class – A style class that is applied to a specific tag.
Widow – The last line of a paragraph that is carried over as the first line of a page.

Chapter 9

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Analog data - Data that consists of continuous series of sounds and tones.
Applet - Small program, usually written in the Java language, that runs within a window inside a browser.
Auditory icon - Distinctive audio cues used to highlight spoken specific phrases, delimit text, and call attention to changes in context.
Aural style sheet - A style sheet that contains auditory icons and speech synthesis for use with web pages.
Digital data - Data that consists of discrete values, typically binary (1 or 0).
Frame - 1. The division of a framed page. Each frmae contains a HTML document. 2. Created by capturing analog video at regular intervals and saving each capture as a distinct image. Frames can be played back to create a movie.
Frame rate - The number of displayed frames per second.
Multimedia - Includes sounds, pictures, and animation.
Streaming - A method for transferring data in such a manner that it can be processed as a steady and continuous stream, such as with video or audio files. This data is buffered so that playback can start as soon as a minimal amount of data has been downloaded.
Web Utility - Available software tools for web designers that create custom programs to augment HTML code. These tools often require special plug-ins to be installed in the browser before they can be used.

Chapter 11

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Button - Elements that perform some action when clicked with a mouse button or activated with the enter key.
CGI - A program running on a server, written in any one of several popular languages, most often Perl or a Unix shell language, to process data sent from an HTML form.
Focus - Identifies the currently active control that is able to recieve input.
Input controls - Multiple number of form data input types, such as buttons, text fields, multiple-choice lists, drop down boxes, etc.
Parse - To divide into component parts. We parse a sentence into words using white space and punctuation. The browser must parse HTML code into its components so it can interpret it.
Perl - An elegant little programming language developed be Larry Wall, often used to write CGI scripts. Perl stands for Practical Extraction and Report Language.
Radio button - Type of input item than ensures that only one of a series of choices can be selected by the user. So called because it resembles an old-fashioned pushbutton radio.
Script - A program, usually written in scripting language like Perl or Javascript or one of the unix shells. A script usually has one well-defined function and is relatively small.
Variable name - A generic way of referring to a location in a computer's memory.

Chapter 12

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Calling document - Page that contains the link that brings up a search page.
Pseudo-class - A style sheet feature that allows designers to address overall web page characteristics.
Pseudo-element - A style sheet feature that address typographical items rather than structural elements. They must be associated with a subject tag.
Pull technology - Starts with the clients requesting data from the server. Almost all HTML screens are "pulled." The client is in control.
Push Technology - Starts with the server deciding to send data to the client without a request from the client. This still rare on the Net. Broadcast television is an example of push technology. The client (your TV) doesn't request the data; it is just sent by the server (the TV station), and your client can use it if so desired.
Search script - A CGI script that performs a search across the contents of a single file or across one or more directories.
Searchable document - Document containing ISINDEX tag; it allows the user to search one or more files on the server.

Chapter 15

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DSSSL – Document Style Semantics and Specifications Language, the parent language for XSL. The language describes how such documents are presented or mapped to other formats.
Element – A basic unit for XML that consist of a container and its contents.
Entity – Special symbols in XML that need special handling. Entitles are coded with an ampersand at the begging and the end with semi-colon(;).
Tool chain – A common term that describes a particular correction of tools necessary to render XML into a displayable format.
Valid – All elements of a document follow the syntax and structure rules as set out by the DTD.
Well-formed – A complete and correctly formatted document.
XHTML – A combination between HTML and XML specifically designed for standardized net device displays. This extensibility ensures that the presentation of the pages in consistent regardless of platform.
XML – A language used for describing data across numerous applications. It allows designers to create their own customized tags, enabling the definition, transmission, interpretation and validation.
XSL – A style sheet specification for separating content when creating HTML or XML web pages. Similar to CSS, but additionally allows developers to dictate how webs pages are printed, and contains specification allowing the transfer of the XML documents across different application.
XSLT – Language in XSL style sheet used to transform XML documents into other XML documents.

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