Water Sampling

References
Artiola Chp 4, 8, 9, 10, 12

Groundwater
http://water.usgs.gov/owq/FieldManual/
National Field Manual for the Collection of Water-Quality Data
Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations
Book 9
Handbooks for Water-Resources Investigations
Chapter A1, A2, A3, A4 (groundwater parts)

http://www.dnr.state.wi.us/org/water/dwg/gw/pubdnld.htm
A nice on-line reference for gw sampling, from Wisconsin DNR
Desk Ref Vol 1 and 2, Field sampling manual

http://www.epa.gov/boston/measure/well/lowflow8.pdf
SOP for low flow sampling, has a nice field sheet

http://www.epa.gov/ahaazvuc/download/issue/lwflw2a.pdf
An EPA fact sheet with a nice overview of low-flow procedures

http://www.epa.gov/volunteer/stream/
The EPA manual for volunteer stream sampling

http://www.epa.gov/region04/sesd/eisopqam/eisopqam.pdf
Environmental Investigations Standard Operating Procedures and Quality Assurance Manual

ASTM Standards D4448-85(a)

Surface Water
http://www.tceq.state.tx.us/compliance/monitoring/water/quality/data/wqm/mtr/swqm_procedures.html
SW Quality Monitoring Procedures

Groundwater
Do you need clean conditions? If so how do you maintain them?
What should you do first at the well once you take the cap off?
What devices are there for measuring water levels?
Should you purge? What are the pros and cons of purging? How should it be done?
What difference does the permeability make?
What do you do with the purge water?
How do you know when to take a sample?
What types of pumps and samplers are there? Advantages/disadvantages?

What sampling devices are there for withdrawing water from a well?
Dedicated versus reusable versus disposable
What materials should a sampler or tubing be made of?
Should samples be field-filtered or not?
Do you only want dissolved constituents
What about colloids

Rivers
What criteria do you use to locate your sampling sites in a river?
What is an isokinetic sampler? A non-isokinetic sampler?
What are the types of sediment in stream?
How can they be measured?
What are some of the problems of measuring sediment in streams?
Where should you collect water quality samples?
What are the commonly used measures for stream quality?
Do you need to collect flow data?
What are automatic samplers, when do you use them, how do they work, what kind of samples can be collected.

Lakes
What criteria do you use to locate your sampling sites in a lake?
How do you adequately sample water quality in a lake?
What is vertical profiling all about?
What types of samplers are there for lake sampling of water? of sediment